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Rainbow cichlid
''Herotilapia multispinosa'' also known as the Rainbow cichlid is a tropical freshwater Central American fish of the cichlid family. It is found in Atlantic slope of Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica from Río Patuca (Honduras) south to Río Matina (Costa Rica); Pacific slope of Nicaragua and Costa Rica from Río Guasaule south to Río Tempisque. Specimens are also reported from the Río Choluteca in the Pacific of Honduras.〔 This species is found in lakes and swamps with muddy bottoms where it uses its specialized teeth and only 3.5% jaw protrusion to feed mostly on algae.〔Hulsey, C.D. & Garcia De Leon, F.J. (2005): Cichlid jaw mechanics: Linking morphology to feeding specialization. ''Functional Ecology, 19 (3): 487-494.''〕 It is commercially important as an aquarium fish: quite peaceful compared to other Central American cichlids, it is a suitable and hardy fish for most aquariums. The rainbow cichlid prefers a pH range of 7.0–8.0, water hardness of 9-20 dGH and a temperature range of 21–36°C.
==Taxonomy==
The rainbow cichlid was first described in 1867 by Albert Günther and was then placed in the genus ''Heros'', a synonym of ''Cichlasoma''. In 1903, it was removed from the ''Cichlasoma'' and placed in its own new genus ''Herotilapia'', solely on the basis of its unique tricuspid teeth, an adaptation to eat filamentous algae. It was then called ''Herotilapia multispinosa''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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